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Diffusion sampling
IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute offers diffusion sampling and analysis of several different substances found in the air. The samplers can measure the incidence of air pollution both indoors and outdoors. IVL's diffusion sampler for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been used for measurement all over the world since 1989, and is market leading thanks to its simple design and reliable measuring capacity.
The samplers do not require electricity, which is why they are often called passive samplers, and they normally measure with a time resolution of between a weekend a month. Thanks to their low cost, a larger area can be covered, e.g. a larger number of samplers can be deployed over a large area for a longer period, which gives a good picture of the air pollution concentrations in a city. IVL is accredited in accordance with the International Standard ISO/IEC 17025:2017.
Examples of applications
- Mapping of levels in cities
- Air quality measurement in remote locations
- Personal sampling
- Corrosion studies
- Trend studies over long periods
- Model validation
- Infrastructure planning
- Support in selecting measurement location
- Epidemiological studies
IVL offers diffusion samplers and analysis of the following substances
Ammonia |
Formaldehyde & acetaldehyde |
Mercury |
Nitrogen dioxide |
Nitrous oxides |
Ozone |
Nitric acid |
Sulphur dioxide |
Hydrogen sulphide |
Volatile hydrocarbons (VOCs), Outdoor Nordic climate, Outdoor warm climate, Indoor GC-MS |
Sulphur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride & hydrochloric acid |
Organic acids (acetate, formate) |
Q&A - diffusion samplers
Following order confirmation, samples are sent from IVL within two weeks, with the regular postal service. IVL is not liable for delivery delays caused by the postal service.
If the client wants a trackable shipment, this is to be paid for by the client.
Please note that IVL can only provide an estimate of the shipping cost (with DHL), and that this cost can change.
Points to keep in mind when deploying samplers
In order for the diffusion sampler to give reliable results, it should be deployed in places where air can freely flow into it from all directions. Thus, for indoor applications, we recommend not placing the sampler in a corner, as this can limit the airflow into the unit. The best location for indoor applications varies from case to case, but we normally recommend that you place the sampler by the ceiling or below a projecting surface (i.e. a shelf), preferably beyond the reach of curious fingers. Remember that the steel mesh must always point downward.
For measurement outdoors, IVL often includes in the shipment an aluminium profile that creates sufficient distance from walls etc., so that air can freely enter the sampler, provided that the profile is installed as per IVL's instructions.
What sort of results can I expect?
The results that will be reported to you are an average for the measurement period (µg/m³). Consequently, with longer exposure times, it is more difficult to discover any instances of high concentration. For this reason, we normally recommend that our clients conduct a greater number of shorter measurements, instead of fewer and longer ones.
If you want to measure levels in real time, IVL can provide measurement instruments for direct measurement of several different air pollutants.
How long should I measure for?
If you suspect very high levels, you might have to use shorter exposure times, or a sampler that can handle higher levels. If you suspect low levels, you might need a longer exposure time in order to get detectible amounts into the sampler. You can read more about how exposure times affect the samplers' detection limits Pdf, 199.1 kB., and how to calculate exposure times.
What options are there for installing the samplers?
For measurement indoors, adhesive pads are always included. The installment devices for personal sampling and for outdoor measurement are shown in the images below.
Detailed sampling instructions are included with the shipment of samplers.
Why do I have to specify if measurement is indoors or outdoors?
IVL needs information about whether measurement was conducted inside or outside, because this affects the results.
If you plan to measure in small enclosed spaces, such as a trade fair stand, contact Marta Segura Roux for more information, tel +46 (0) 107886919.
What is the shelf life of the samplers, and how should they be stored?
The samplers' shelf life varies, and they must be stored as below, if IVL is to guarantee reliable analysis results. The samplers should normally be sent in immediately after exposure.
Shelf life
- Samplers for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), nitric acid (HNO3), dichlorine (Cl2), ammonia (NH3) and mercury (Hg) should be used within a few months.
- Volatile hydrocarbons (VOCs) should be used within three weeks of delivery.
Storage
- VOCs – store at room temperature
- Formaldehyde – should preferably be refrigerated.
- Other samplers should be stored in a refrigerator. They can be stored at room temperature, but this reduces shelf life somewhat.
- Samplers must always be stored in the dark.
When can I expect to receive the analysis report?
Once IVL has received your exposed sampler, you can expect the analysis results within six weeks. IVL is not liable for longer response times during holiday periods.
If a client wants a faster service, it is possible to order express analysis, where the analysis report can be received within 10 working days of IVL receiving the samplers. Express analysis costs an additional 50% of the total price for the samplers ordered. If you want express analysis, remember to notify IVL when ordering, because IVL cannot always provide this service, e.g. on short notice.
Ordering diffusion samplers
- For questions, contact; Viktor Klemetz or Marta Segura Roux
- Download the order form Pdf, 126.1 kB.
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- Accidents and safe workplace
- Air analyzes
- Anaerobic digestion experiments
- Analysis and visualization of environmental data
- Analysis of biota
- Analysis of indoor environment
- Analysis of pollutants in the work environment
- Analysis of products and materials
- Analysis of soil and sediment
- Analysis of wastewater
- Analyzing biodiversity with (eDNA)
- Appealing and socially sustainable residential areas
- Aquaculture
- Biogas solutions
- Biological tests
- Build sustainably in a changing climate
- Chart and make ecosystem services visible
- Chemical health risks in the workplace
- Circular construction and recycling in the construction sector
- Circular economy
- Circular economy in a non-toxic environment
- Clean Shipping Index
- Climate adaptation and vulnerability analyzes
- Climate assessment of energy measures (Tidstegen)
- Climate declaration of buildings, BM
- Climate goals according to Science Based Targets
- Contaminated areas and oil damage
- Diffusion sampling
- Digital environmental information for a circular construction industry eBVD
- Digital registration of construction product declarations (eBVD)
- Digitize buildings
- DNSH criteria pollutants
- Ecodesign in product development
- Energy and climate smart buildings
- Environmental assessment system for construction products (BASTA)
- Environmental product declaration (EPD)
- EU's taxonomy for sustainable investments
- Forest diversity and ecosystem services
- Good indoor environment
- Greenhouse gas emissions
- Impact on Forests and Soil
- Increased resource efficiency through reduced food waste
- Independent advice for effective climate compensation
- Industrial environmental issues
- Industrial symbiosis
- Life cycle analyzes
- Life cycle assessment of textiles
- Management of marine ecosystems
- Marine micro-debris
- Measure and evaluate biological diversity
- Measures and strategies for increased circularity and resource efficiency
- Measuring and Reporting According to the TNFD Framework
- Mobility for property owners
- Monitoring of air and precipitation
- Nature-based solutions in an urban environment
- Net zero emissions of greenhouse gases
- Permit applications and environmental impact assessments
- PFAS analysis
- PFAS purification of water
- PFAS simulator
- Preparation of Status Reports
- Recycling and circular flows
- Recycling of textiles
- Reduce climate impact from construction
- Renewable fuels and biofuels
- Reuse of textiles
- Safety advice when transporting dangerous goods
- Science Based Targets (SBTs) for nature
- Ship Emissions
- Ship fuels and energy efficiency improvements
- Socially sustainable adjustment
- Spread calculations and modeling
- Strategic sustainability work and sustainability management
- Strategies for climate-neutral properties
- Support for legal requirements for chemicals
- Survey and purification of PFASs in soil and water
- Sustainability label for furniture (Möbelfakta)
- Sustainability reporting as per CSRD
- Sustainable and resource-efficient energy solutions
- Sustainable harbours and marinas
- Sustainable ports
- Sustainable procurement
- Test beds, pilot plants and demonstrators
- Textile collection and sorting
- Tools for Sustainable Construction – One stop shop
- Traceability of materials
- Underwater noise
- Water analyzes
- Water purification
- Water surveillance
- Work environment for small and medium-sized companies